What are the types of microphones and their differences?

What is a condenser microphone - it is a type of microphone that creates sound signals using a capacitor - a device consisting of two metal-coated plates (back plate and diaphragm), hung close to each other, with a voltage flowing between them. These microphones are designed to capture high frequencies, capture different decibels. The sound is obtained in high quality, richer, with more detail. Such microphones are most often used in sound recording studios, radio stations for talk broadcasts, etc. They are expensive and less resistant than dynamic microphones. Sensitive to moisture and temperature changes. A phantom (additional) power supply (+48V) is required for operation.

What is a dynamic microphone - a microphone that uses a magnetic field (using a magnet) to generate an electrical signal. Sound waves vibrate a small metal coil suspended in the microphone. The structure is similar to a speaker, only the operation is reversed. When the metal moves in a magnetic field, it creates an electric current that transmits sound. Very popular due to their low cost and resistance to physical impacts, less sensitive to subtle sound nuances. Such microphones are most often used in karaoke, announcements, conferences, concerts and various events. They are cheaper and more resistant than condenser microphones. Less sensitive to temperature changes or humidity.

What is a cardioid microphone - it is a unidirectional microphone. Often used for vocals or musical instruments. For example, during a concert, it is important for a vocalist to record only his sound, without the instruments playing nearby. Or it is important to record the sound emitted by a certain musical instrument, separating it from the general sound background nearby. You need to keep it close to the sound source.